What is the difference between a Hypothesis and a Theory?

• A. Hypothesis is a tentative or untested explanation; Theory is a repeatedly tested and well-supported explanation
• B. Hypothesis is a proven explanation; Theory is a guess
• C. Hypothesis is a fictional idea; Theory is a mathematical model
• D. Hypothesis is an assumption with no need for testing; Theory is speculation

Answer: (A)

In science, a hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation that can be investigated through experiments or observations. A theory is a well-supported explanation that has been repeatedly tested and consistently aligns with a wide range of evidence. It has withstood many attempts to disprove it and makes reliable predictions about new situations.

This distinction fits the idea that a hypothesis is an initial idea to test, while a theory represents the strongest current understanding based on extensive evidence. It’s not that theories are simply proven beyond doubt, but that they are robust, comprehensive explanations.

Why the other ideas don’t fit: a hypothesis isn’t proven; a theory isn’t just a guess; a hypothesis isn’t untestable; and a theory isn’t mere speculation.