Which is a mitigation strategy for desertification?

• A. Deforestation
• B. Urban expansion
• C. Reforestation
• D. Intensive grazing

Answer: (C)

Desertification mitigation centers on restoring vegetation and soil stability to resist degradation. Reforestation directly rebuilds tree cover where it has been lost, and that tree roots help bind the soil, reducing both wind and water erosion. More vegetation also increases organic matter in the soil, improves water infiltration, and boosts soil moisture, all of which help land recover and stay productive in dry regions. This combination of stabilizing the surface and restoring fertility counteracts the processes that drive desertification, like soil erosion, loss of organic matter, and diminished rainfall infiltration.

By contrast, removing trees (deforestation) removes protective cover and tends to accelerate erosion and desert-like conditions. Urban expansion reduces land available for productive use and often fragments habitats, while intensive grazing compacts soil, reduces vegetation, and degrades soil structure, all of which can worsen desertification rather than mitigate it.